Understanding the canine breeding cycle

I’m seeing more of these “automatic ovulation detectors” being advertised for dogs, so I want to clear up some confusion before anyone wastes money or misses a mating. These handheld probes do not detect ovulation. Ovulation in the bitch is driven by hormonal changes (progesterone rise). It cannot be accurately identified by measuring vaginal moisture, conductivity, resistance, or “numbers on a screen”. Those values can change for many reasons — discharge, irritation, probe p

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Dog breeding has changed significantly over the years. What was once based largely on experience and tradition is now guided by improved understanding of genetics, pregnancy monitoring, neonatal care, and animal welfare.